Publications

@article{DEFREITAS2022100340,

title = {E.L., a modern-day Phineas Gage: Revisiting frontal lobe injury},

author = {Pedro H. M. Freitas and Ruy C. Monteiro and Raphael M. Bertani and Caio M. Perret and Pedro C. Rodrigues and Joana Vicentini and Tagore M. Gonzalez Morais and Stefano F. A. Rozental and Gustavo F. Galvão and Fabricio Mattos and Fernando A. Vasconcelos and Ivan S. Dorio and Cintya Y. Hayashi and Jorge R. L. Santos and Guilherme L. Werneck and Carla T. Ferreira Tocquer and Claudia Capitão and Luiz C. Hygino Cruz and Jaan Tulviste and Mario Fiorani and Marcos M. Silva and Wellingson S. Paiva and Kenneth Podell and Howard J. Federoff and Divyen H. Patel and Fred Lado and Elkhonon Goldberg and Rodolfo Llinás and Michael V. L. Bennett and Renato Rozental},

url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667193X22001570},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lana.2022.100340},

issn = {2667-193X},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {The Lancet Regional Health - Americas},

volume = {14},

pages = {100340},

abstract = {Summary 

Background 

How the prefrontal cortex (PFC) recovers its functionality following lesions remains a conundrum. Recent work has uncovered the importance of transient low-frequency oscillatory activity (LFO; < 4 Hz) for the recovery of an injured brain. We aimed to determine whether persistent cortical oscillatory dynamics contribute to brain capability to support ‘normal life’ following injury. 

Methods 

In this 9-year prospective longitudinal study (08/2012-2021), we collected data from the patient E.L., a modern-day Phineas Gage, who suffered from lesions, impacting 11% of his total brain mass, to his right PFC and supplementary motor area after his skull was transfixed by an iron rod. A systematic evaluation of clinical, electrophysiologic, brain imaging, neuropsychological and behavioural testing were used to clarify the clinical significance of relationship between LFO discharge and executive dysfunctions and compare E.L.´s disorders to that attributed to Gage (1848), a landmark in the history of neurology and neuroscience. 

Findings 

Selective recruitment of the non-injured left hemisphere during execution of unimanual right-hand movements resulted in the emergence of robust LFO, an EEG-detected marker for disconnection of brain areas, in the damaged right hemisphere. In contrast, recruitment of the damaged right hemisphere during contralateral hand movement, resulted in the co-activation of the left hemisphere and decreased right hemisphere LFO to levels of controls enabling performance, suggesting a target for neuromodulation. Similarly, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), used to create a temporary virtual-lesion over E.L.’s healthy hemisphere, disrupted the modulation of contralateral LFO, disturbing behaviour and impairing executive function tasks. In contrast to Gage, reasoning, planning, working memory, social, sexual and family behaviours eluded clinical inspection by decreasing LFO in the delta frequency range during motor and executive functioning. 

Interpretation 

Our study suggests that modulation of LFO dynamics is an important mechanism by which PFC accommodates neurological injuries, supporting the reports of Gage´s recovery, and represents an attractive target for therapeutic interventions. 

Funding 

Fundação de Amparo Pesquisa Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (intramural), and Fiocruz/Ministery of Health (INOVA Fiocruz).},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid34626063,

title = {Role of HRTPT in kidney proximal epithelial cell regeneration: Integrative differential expression and pathway analyses using microarray and scRNA-seq},

author = {Swojani Shrestha and Sonalika Singhal and Matthew Kalonick and Rachel Guyer and Alexis Volkert and Seema Somji and Scott H Garrett and Donald A Sens and Sandeep K Singhal},

doi = {10.1111/jcmm.16976},

issn = {1582-4934},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {J Cell Mol Med},

volume = {25},

number = {22},

pages = {10466--10479},

abstract = {Damage to proximal tubules due to exposure to toxicants can lead to conditions such as acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD) and ultimately end-stage renal failure (ESRF). Studies have shown that kidney proximal epithelial cells can regenerate particularly after acute injury. In the previous study, we utilized an immortalized in vitro model of human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells, RPTEC/TERT1, to isolate HRTPT cell line that co-expresses stem cell markers CD133 and CD24, and HREC24T cell line that expresses only CD24. HRTPT cells showed most of the key characteristics of stem/progenitor cells; however, HREC24T cells did not show any of these characteristics. The goal of this study was to further characterize and understand the global gene expression differences, upregulated pathways and gene interaction using scRNA-seq in HRTPT cells. Affymetrix microarray analysis identified common gene sets and pathways specific to HRTPT and HREC24T cells analysed using DAVID, Reactome and Ingenuity software. Gene sets of HRTPT cells, in comparison with publicly available data set for CD133+ infant kidney, urine-derived renal progenitor cells and human kidney-derived epithelial proximal tubule cells showed substantial similarity in organization and interactions of the apical membrane. Single-cell analysis of HRTPT cells identified unique gene clusters associated with CD133 and the 92 common gene sets from three data sets. In conclusion, the gene expression analysis identified a unique gene set for HRTPT cells and narrowed the co-expressed gene set compared with other human renal-derived cell lines expressing CD133, which may provide deeper understanding in their role as progenitor/stem cells that participate in renal repair.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid34272489,

title = {Transcriptional profile of pyramidal neurons in chronic schizophrenia reveals lamina-specific dysfunction of neuronal immunity},

author = {Xiaojun Wu and Rammohan Shukla and Khaled Alganem and Xiaolu Zhang and Hunter M Eby and Emily A Devine and Erica Depasquale and James Reigle and Micah Simmons and Margaret K Hahn and Christy Au-Yeung and Roshanak Asgariroozbehani and Chang-Gyu Hahn and Vahram Haroutunian and Jarek Meller and James Meador-Woodruff and Robert E McCullumsmith},

doi = {10.1038/s41380-021-01205-y},

issn = {1476-5578},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Mol Psychiatry},

volume = {26},

number = {12},

pages = {7699--7708},

abstract = {While the pathophysiology of schizophrenia has been extensively investigated using homogenized postmortem brain samples, few studies have examined changes in brain samples with techniques that may attribute perturbations to specific cell types. To fill this gap, we performed microarray assays on mRNA isolated from anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) superficial and deep pyramidal neurons from 12 schizophrenia and 12 control subjects using laser-capture microdissection. Among all the annotated genes, we identified 134 significantly increased and 130 decreased genes in superficial pyramidal neurons, while 93 significantly increased and 101 decreased genes were found in deep pyramidal neurons, in schizophrenia compared to control subjects. In these differentially expressed genes, we detected lamina-specific changes of 55 and 31 genes in superficial and deep neurons in schizophrenia, respectively. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was applied to the entire pre-ranked differential expression gene lists to gain a complete pathway analysis throughout all annotated genes. Our analysis revealed overrepresented groups of gene sets in schizophrenia, particularly in immunity and synapse-related pathways, suggesting the disruption of these pathways plays an important role in schizophrenia. We also detected other pathways previously demonstrated in schizophrenia pathophysiology, including cytokine and chemotaxis, postsynaptic signaling, and glutamatergic synapses. In addition, we observed several novel pathways, including ubiquitin-independent protein catabolic process. Considering the effects of antipsychotic treatment on gene expression, we applied a novel bioinformatics approach to compare our differential expression gene profiles with 51 antipsychotic treatment datasets, demonstrating that our results were not influenced by antipsychotic treatment. Taken together, we found pyramidal neuron-specific changes in neuronal immunity, synaptic dysfunction, and olfactory dysregulation in schizophrenia, providing new insights for the cell-subtype specific pathophysiology of chronic schizophrenia.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid34183771,

title = {Genetic modifiers regulating DNA replication and double-strand break repair are associated with differences in mammary tumors in mouse models of Li-Fraumeni syndrome},

author = {Prabin Dhangada Majhi and Nicholas B Griner and Jacob A Mayfield and Shannon Compton and Jeffrey J Kane and Trevor A Baptiste and Karen A Dunphy and Amy L Roberts and Sallie S Schneider and Evan M Savage and Divyen Patel and Anneke C Blackburn and Kim Joana Maurus and Lisa Wiesmüller and D Joseph Jerry},

doi = {10.1038/s41388-021-01892-5},

issn = {1476-5594},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

urldate = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Oncogene},

volume = {40},

number = {31},

pages = {5026--5037},

abstract = {Breast cancer is the most common tumor among women with inherited variants in the TP53 tumor suppressor, but onset varies widely suggesting interactions with genetic or environmental factors. Rodent models haploinsufficent for Trp53 also develop a wide variety of malignancies associated with Li-Fraumeni syndrome, but BALB/c mice are uniquely susceptible to mammary tumors and is genetically linked to the Suprmam1 locus on chromosome 7. To define mechanisms that interact with deficiencies in p53 to alter susceptibility to mammary tumors, we fine mapped the Suprmam1 locus in females from an N2 backcross of BALB/cMed and C57BL/6J mice. A major modifier was localized within a 10 cM interval on chromosome 7. The effect of the locus on DNA damage responses was examined in the parental strains and mice that are congenic for C57BL/6J alleles on the BALB/cMed background (SM1-Trp53). The mammary epithelium of C57BL/6J-Trp53 females exhibited little radiation-induced apoptosis compared to BALB/cMed-Trp53 and SM1-Trp53 females indicating that the Suprmam1 alleles could not rescue repair of radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks mostly relying on non-homologous end joining. In contrast, the Suprmam1 alleles in SM1-Trp53 mice were sufficient to confer the C57BL/6J-Trp53 phenotypes in homology-directed repair and replication fork progression. The Suprmam1 alleles in SM1-Trp53 mice appear to act in trans to regulate a panel of DNA repair and replication genes which lie outside the locus.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid31527707,

title = {Cigarette smoke preparations, not moist snuff, impair expression of genes involved in immune signaling and cytolytic functions},

author = {Gang Liu and Subhashini Arimilli and Evan Savage and G L Prasad},

doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-48822-w},

issn = {2045-2322},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Sci Rep},

volume = {9},

number = {1},

pages = {13390},

abstract = {Cigarette smoke-induced chronic inflammation is associated with compromised immune responses. To understand how tobacco products impact immune responses, we assessed transcriptomic profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) pretreated with Whole Smoke-Conditioned Medium (WS-CM) or Smokeless Tobacco Extracts (STE), and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, phorbol myristate and ionomycin (agonists). Gene expression profiles from PBMCs treated with low equi-nicotine units (0.3 μg/mL) of WS-CM and one high dose of STE (100 μg/mL) were similar to those from untreated controls. Cells treated with medium and high doses of WS-CM (1.0 and 3.0 μg/mL) exhibited significantly different gene expression profiles compared to the low WS-CM dose and STE. Pre-treatment with higher doses of WS-CM inhibited the expression of several pro-inflammatory genes (IFNγ, TNFα, and IL-2), while CSF1-R and IL17RA were upregulated. Pre-treatment with high doses of WS-CM abolished agonist-stimulated secretion of IFNγ, TNF and IL-2 proteins. Pathway analyses revealed that higher doses of WS-CM inhibited NF-ĸB signaling, immune cell differentiation and inflammatory responses, and increased apoptotic pathways. Our results show that pre-treatment of PBMCs with higher doses of WS-CM inhibits immune activation and effector cytokine expression and secretion, resulting in a reduced immune response, whereas STE exerted minimal effects.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid31047981,

title = {Enrichment of genes associated with squamous differentiation in cancer initiating cells isolated from urothelial cells transformed by the environmental toxicant arsenite},

author = {Zachary E Hoggarth and Danyelle B Osowski and Andrea Slusser-Nore and Swojani Shrestha and Prakash Pathak and Theoren Solseng and Scott H Garrett and Divyen H Patel and Evan Savage and Donald A Sens and Seema Somji},

doi = {10.1016/j.taap.2019.04.021},

issn = {1096-0333},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Toxicol Appl Pharmacol},

volume = {374},

pages = {41--52},

abstract = {Arsenic is an environmental toxicant with long-term exposure associated with the development of urothelial carcinomas. Our lab has developed an in-vitro model of urothelial carcinoma by exposing the immortal, but non-tumorigenic bladder cell line, the UROtsa, to arsenite (As). These transformed cells form tumors in immune-compromised mice, which resemble urothelial carcinomas with components of the tumor exhibiting squamous differentiation. The goal of the present study was to determine the differences in global gene expression patterns between the As-transformed UROtsa cells and the urospheres (spheroids containing putative cancer initiating cells) isolated from these cell lines and to determine if the genes involved in the development of squamous differentiation were enriched in the urospheres. The results obtained in this study show an enrichment of genes such as KRT1, KRT5, KRT6A, KRT6B, KRT6C, KRT14 and KRT16 associated with squamous differentiation, a characteristic feature seen in aggressive basal subtypes of urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) in the urospheres isolated from As-transformed UROtsa cells. In addition, there is increased expression of several of the small proline-rich proteins (SPRR) in the urospheres and overexpression of these genes occur in UCC's displaying squamous differentiation. In conclusion, the cancer initiating cells present in the urospheres are enriched with genes associated with squamous differentiation.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid30335132,

title = {A proteasome-resistant fragment of NIK mediates oncogenic NF-κB signaling in schwannomas},

author = {Jeffrey R Gehlhausen and Eric Hawley and Benjamin Mark Wahle and Yongzheng He and Donna Edwards and Steven D Rhodes and Jacquelyn D Lajiness and Karl Staser and Shi Chen and Xianlin Yang and Jin Yuan and Xiaohong Li and Li Jiang and Abbi Smith and Waylan Bessler and George Sandusky and Anat Stemmer-Rachamimov and Timothy J Stuhlmiller and Steven P Angus and Gary L Johnson and Grzegorz Nalepa and Charles W Yates and D Wade Clapp and Su-Jung Park},

doi = {10.1093/hmg/ddy361},

issn = {1460-2083},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Hum Mol Genet},

volume = {28},

number = {4},

pages = {572--583},

abstract = {Schwannomas are common, highly morbid and medically untreatable tumors that can arise in patients with germ line as well as somatic mutations in neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2). These mutations most commonly result in the loss of function of the NF2-encoded protein, Merlin. Little is known about how Merlin functions endogenously as a tumor suppressor and how its loss leads to oncogenic transformation in Schwann cells (SCs). Here, we identify nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB)-inducing kinase (NIK) as a potential drug target driving NF-κB signaling and Merlin-deficient schwannoma genesis. Using a genomic approach to profile aberrant tumor signaling pathways, we describe multiple upregulated NF-κB signaling elements in human and murine schwannomas, leading us to identify a caspase-cleaved, proteasome-resistant NIK kinase domain fragment that amplifies pathogenic NF-κB signaling. Lentiviral-mediated transduction of this NIK fragment into normal SCs promotes proliferation, survival, and adhesion while inducing schwannoma formation in a novel in vivo orthotopic transplant model. Furthermore, we describe an NF-κB-potentiated hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) to MET proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase (c-Met) autocrine feed-forward loop promoting SC proliferation. These innovative studies identify a novel signaling axis underlying schwannoma formation, revealing new and potentially druggable schwannoma vulnerabilities with future therapeutic potential.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid28649033,

title = {Danazol alters mitochondria metabolism of fibrocystic breast Mcf10A cells},

author = {Zhazira Irgebay and Banu Yeszhan and Bhaswati Sen and Sultan Tuleukhanov and Ari D Brooks and Richard Sensenig and Zulfiya Orynbayeva},

doi = {10.1016/j.breast.2017.06.007},

issn = {1532-3080},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-10-01},

journal = {Breast},

volume = {35},

pages = {55--62},

abstract = {Fibrocystic Breast Disease (FBD) or Fibrocystic change (FC) affects about 60% of women at some time during their life. Although usually benign, it is often associated with pain and tenderness (mastalgia). The synthetic steroid danazol has been shown to be effective in reducing the pain associated with FBD, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms for its action have not been elucidated. We investigated the hypothesis that danazol acts by affecting energy metabolism. Effects of danazol on Mcf10A cells homeostasis, including mechanisms of oxidative phosphorylation, cytosolic calcium signaling and oxidative stress, were assessed by high-resolution respirometry and flow cytometry. In addition to fast physiological responses the associated genomic modulations were evaluated by Affimetrix microarray analysis. The alterations of mitochondria membrane potential and respiratory activity, downregulation of energy metabolism transcripts result in suppression of energy homeostasis and arrest of Mcf10A cells growth. The data obtained in this study impacts the recognition of direct control of mitochondria by cellular mechanisms associated with altered energy metabolism genes governing the breast tissue susceptibility and response to medication by danazol.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid27845231,

title = {Streptozotocin diabetes increases mRNA expression of ketogenic enzymes in the rat heart},

author = {George A Cook and Eduard N Lavrentyev and Kevin Pham and Edwards A Park},

doi = {10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.11.012},

issn = {0304-4165},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-02-01},

journal = {Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj},

volume = {1861},

number = {2},

pages = {307--312},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Diabetic cardiomyopathy develops in insulin-dependent diabetic patients who have no hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy or vascular disease. Diabetes increases cardiac fatty acid oxidation, but cardiac hypertrophy limits fatty acid oxidation. Here we examined effects of diabetes on gene expression in rat hearts.



METHODS: We used oligonucleotide microarrays to examine effects of insulindependent diabetes in the rat heart. RTQ PCR confirmed results of microarrays. Specific antibodies were used to examine changes in the mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2).



RESULTS: A surprising result of diabetes was increased mRNA encoding all enzymes of the ketone body synthesis pathway. Increased mRNA expression for these enzymes was confirmed by RTQ PCR. The mRNA encoding HMGCS2, the rate-controlling enzyme, was 27 times greater in diabetic hearts. Total HMGCS2 protein increased 8-fold in diabetic hearts, but no difference was found in HMGCS2 protein in control vs. diabetic liver.



CONCLUSIONS: Insulin-dependent diabetes induced the enzymes of ketone body synthesis in the heart, including HMGCS2, as well as increasing enzymes of fatty acid oxidation.



GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: The mammalian heart does not export ketone bodies to other tissues, but rather is a major consumer of ketone bodies. Induction of HMGCS2, which is normally expressed only in the fetal and newborn heart, may indicate an adaptation by the heart to combat "metabolic inflexibility" by shifting the flux of excess intramitochondrial acetyl-CoA derived from elevated fatty acid oxidation into ketone bodies, liberating free CoA to balance the acetyl-CoA/CoA ratio in favor of increased glucose oxidation through the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid26047984,

title = {Midbrain dopamine neurons in Parkinson's disease exhibit a dysregulated miRNA and target-gene network},

author = {Christine E Briggs and Yulei Wang and Benjamin Kong and Tsung-Ung W Woo and Lakshmanan K Iyer and Kai C Sonntag},

doi = {10.1016/j.brainres.2015.05.021},

issn = {1872-6240},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-08-01},

journal = {Brain Res},

volume = {1618},

pages = {111--121},

abstract = {The degeneration of substantia nigra (SN) dopamine (DA) neurons in sporadic Parkinson׳s disease (PD) is characterized by disturbed gene expression networks. Micro(mi)RNAs are post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression and we recently provided evidence that these molecules may play a functional role in the pathogenesis of PD. Here, we document a comprehensive analysis of miRNAs in SN DA neurons and PD, including sex differences. Our data show that miRNAs are dysregulated in disease-affected neurons and differentially expressed between male and female samples with a trend of more up-regulated miRNAs in males and more down-regulated miRNAs in females. Unbiased Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) revealed a network of miRNA/target-gene associations that is consistent with dysfunctional gene and signaling pathways in PD pathology. Our study provides evidence for a general association of miRNAs with the cellular function and identity of SN DA neurons, and with deregulated gene expression networks and signaling pathways related to PD pathogenesis that may be sex-specific. },

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid24702465,

title = {Molecular profiles of pyramidal neurons in the superior temporal cortex in schizophrenia},

author = {Charmaine Y Pietersen and Sarah A Mauney and Susie S Kim and Maribel P Lim and Robert J Rooney and Jill M Goldstein and Tracey L Petryshen and Larry J Seidman and Martha E Shenton and Robert W McCarley and Kai-C Sonntag and Tsung-Ung W Woo},

doi = {10.3109/01677063.2014.882918},

issn = {1563-5260},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-09-26},

journal = {J Neurogenet},

volume = {28},

number = {1-2},

pages = {53--69},

abstract = {Disrupted synchronized oscillatory firing of pyramidal neuronal networks in the cerebral cortex in the gamma frequency band (i.e., 30-100 Hz) mediates many of the cognitive deficits and symptoms of schizophrenia. In fact, the density of dendritic spines and the average somal area of pyramidal neurons in layer 3 of the cerebral cortex, which mediate both long-range (associational) and local (intrinsic) corticocortical connections, are decreased in subjects with this illness. To explore the molecular pathophysiology of pyramidal neuronal dysfunction, we extracted ribonucleic acid (RNA) from laser-captured pyramidal neurons from layer 3 of Brodmann's area 42 of the superior temporal gyrus (STG) from postmortem brains from schizophrenia and normal control subjects. We then profiled the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of these neurons, using microarray technology. We identified 1331 mRNAs that were differentially expressed in schizophrenia, including genes that belong to the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) signaling pathways. Disturbances of these signaling mechanisms may in part contribute to the altered expression of other genes found to be differentially expressed in this study, such as those that regulate extracellular matrix (ECM), apoptosis, and cytoskeletal and synaptic plasticity. In addition, we identified 10 microRNAs (miRNAs) that were differentially expressed in schizophrenia; enrichment analysis of their predicted gene targets revealed signaling pathways and gene networks that were found by microarray to be dysregulated, raising an interesting possibility that dysfunction of pyramidal neurons in schizophrenia may in part be mediated by a concerted dysregulation of gene network functions as a result of the altered expression of a relatively small number of miRNAs. Taken together, findings of this study provide a neurobiological framework within which specific hypotheses about the molecular mechanisms of pyramidal cell dysfunction in schizophrenia can be formulated.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid24668190,

title = {Downregulation of GABAA receptor protein subunits α6, β2, δ, ε, γ2, θ, and ρ2 in superior frontal cortex of subjects with autism},

author = {S Hossein Fatemi and Teri J Reutiman and Timothy D Folsom and Oyvind G Rustan and Robert J Rooney and Paul D Thuras},

doi = {10.1007/s10803-014-2078-x},

issn = {1573-3432},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-08-01},

journal = {J Autism Dev Disord},

volume = {44},

number = {8},

pages = {1833--1845},

abstract = {We measured protein and mRNA levels for nine gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptor subunits in three brain regions (cerebellum, superior frontal cortex, and parietal cortex) in subjects with autism versus matched controls. We observed changes in mRNA for a number of GABAA and GABAB subunits and overall reduced protein expression for GABAA receptor alpha 6 (GABRα6), GABAA receptor beta 2 (GABRβ2), GABAA receptor delta (GABRδ), GABAA receptor epsilon (GABRε), GABAA receptor gamma 2 (GABRγ2), GABAA receptor theta (GABRθ), and GABAA receptor rho 2 (GABRρ2) in superior frontal cortex from subjects with autism. Our data demonstrate systematic changes in GABAA&B subunit expression in brains of subjects with autism, which may help explain the presence of cognitive abnormalities in subjects with autism. },

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid24559646,

title = {miR-126 contributes to Parkinson's disease by dysregulating the insulin-like growth factor/phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling},

author = {Woori Kim and Yenarae Lee and Noah D McKenna and Ming Yi and Filip Simunovic and Yulei Wang and Benjamin Kong and Robert J Rooney and Hyemyung Seo and Robert M Stephens and Kai C Sonntag},

doi = {10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.01.021},

issn = {1558-1497},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-07-01},

journal = {Neurobiol Aging},

volume = {35},

number = {7},

pages = {1712--1721},

abstract = {Dopamine (DA) neurons in sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) display dysregulated gene expression networks and signaling pathways that are implicated in PD pathogenesis. Micro (mi)RNAs are regulators of gene expression, which could be involved in neurodegenerative diseases. We determined the miRNA profiles in laser microdissected DA neurons from postmortem sporadic PD patients' brains and age-matched controls. DA neurons had a distinctive miRNA signature and a set of miRNAs was dysregulated in PD. Bioinformatics analysis provided evidence for correlations of miRNAs with signaling pathways relevant to PD, including an association of miR-126 with insulin/IGF-1/PI3K signaling. In DA neuronal cell systems, enhanced expression of miR-126 impaired IGF-1 signaling and increased vulnerability to the neurotoxin 6-OHDA by downregulating factors in IGF-1/PI3K signaling, including its targets p85β, IRS-1, and SPRED1. Blocking of miR-126 function increased IGF-1 trophism and neuroprotection to 6-OHDA. Our data imply that elevated levels of miR-126 may play a functional role in DA neurons and in PD pathogenesis by downregulating IGF-1/PI3K/AKT signaling and that its inhibition could be a mechanism of neuroprotection. },

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid24628518,

title = {Molecular profiles of parvalbumin-immunoreactive neurons in the superior temporal cortex in schizophrenia},

author = {Charmaine Y Pietersen and Sarah A Mauney and Susie S Kim and Eleonora Passeri and Maribel P Lim and Robert J Rooney and Jill M Goldstein and Tracey L Petreyshen and Larry J Seidman and Martha E Shenton and Robert W Mccarley and Kai-C Sonntag and Tsung-Ung W Woo},

doi = {10.3109/01677063.2013.878339},

issn = {1563-5260},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-06-28},

journal = {J Neurogenet},

volume = {28},

number = {1-2},

pages = {70--85},

abstract = {Dysregulation of pyramidal cell network function by the soma- and axon-targeting inhibitory neurons that contain the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin (PV) represents a core pathophysiological feature of schizophrenia. In order to gain insight into the molecular basis of their functional impairment, we used laser capture microdissection (LCM) to isolate PV-immunolabeled neurons from layer 3 of Brodmann's area 42 of the superior temporal gyrus (STG) from postmortem schizophrenia and normal control brains. We then extracted ribonucleic acid (RNA) from these neurons and determined their messenger RNA (mRNA) expression profile using the Affymetrix platform of microarray technology. Seven hundred thirty-nine mRNA transcripts were found to be differentially expressed in PV neurons in subjects with schizophrenia, including genes associated with WNT (wingless-type), NOTCH, and PGE2 (prostaglandin E2) signaling, in addition to genes that regulate cell cycle and apoptosis. Of these 739 genes, only 89 (12%) were also differentially expressed in pyramidal neurons, as described in the accompanying paper, suggesting that the molecular pathophysiology of schizophrenia appears to be predominantly neuronal type specific. In addition, we identified 15 microRNAs (miRNAs) that were differentially expressed in schizophrenia; enrichment analysis of the predicted targets of these miRNAs included the signaling pathways found by microarray to be dysregulated in schizophrenia. Taken together, findings of this study provide a neurobiological framework within which hypotheses of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the dysfunction of PV neurons in schizophrenia can be generated and experimentally explored and, as such, may ultimately inform the conceptualization of rational targeted molecular intervention for this debilitating disorder.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid24284479,

title = {Phospho-sulindac inhibits pancreatic cancer growth: NFATc1 as a drug resistance candidate},

author = {Onika T Murray and Chi C Wong and Kvetoslava Vrankova and Basil Rigas},

doi = {10.3892/ijo.2013.2190},

issn = {1791-2423},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-02-01},

journal = {Int J Oncol},

volume = {44},

number = {2},

pages = {521--529},

abstract = {Phospho-sulindac (P-S), a promising anticancer agent, is efficacious in pre-clinical models of human cancer and is apparently safe. Here, we studied the effect of P-S on pancreatic cancer growth. We found that P-S strongly inhibits the growth of human pancreatic cancer cells in vitro, is efficacious in inhibiting the growth of pancreatic xenografts in nude mice, and has an excellent safety profile. Microarray analysis revealed that P-S induced the expression of nuclear factor of activated T-cells, isoform c1 (NFATc1) gene. NFATc1, a calcineurin-responsive transcription factor associated with aggressive pancreatic cancer. The role of increased NFATc1 expression on the growth inhibitory effect of P-S on cancer growth was evaluated by silencing or by overexpressing it both in vitro and in vivo. We found that when the expression of NFATc1 was abrogated by RNAi, pancreatic cancer cells were more responsive to treatment with P-S. Conversely, overexpressing the NFATc1 gene made the pancreatic cancer cells less responsive to treatment with P-S. NFATc1 likely mediates drug resistance to P-S and is an unfavorable prognostic factor that predicts poor tumor response. We also demonstrated that NFATc1-mediated resistance can be overcome by cyclosporin A (CsA), an NFAT inhibitor, and that the combination of P-S and CsA synergistically inhibited pancreatic cancer cell growth. In conclusion, our preclinical data establish P-S as an efficacious drug for pancreatic cancer in preclinical models, which merits further evaluation.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid25259521,

title = {In-vivo fusion of human cancer and hamster stromal cells permanently transduces and transcribes human DNA},

author = {David M Goldenberg and Robert J Rooney and Meiyu Loo and Donglin Liu and Chien-Hsing Chang},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0107927},

issn = {1932-6203},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {PLoS One},

volume = {9},

number = {9},

pages = {e107927},

abstract = {After demonstrating, with karyotyping, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and fluorescence in-situ hybridization, the retention of certain human chromosomes and genes following the spontaneous fusion of human tumor and hamster cells in-vivo, it was postulated that cell fusion causes the horizontal transmission of malignancy and donor genes. Here, we analyzed gene expression profiles of 3 different hybrid tumors first generated in the hamster cheek pouch after human tumor grafting, and then propagated in hamsters and in cell cultures for years: two Hodgkin lymphomas (GW-532, GW-584) and a glioblastoma multiforme (GB-749). Based on the criteria of MAS 5.0 detection P-values ≤0.065 and at least a 2-fold greater signal expression value than a hamster melanoma control, we identified 3,759 probe sets (ranging from 1,040 to 1,303 in each transplant) from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of the 3 hybrid tumors, which unambiguously mapped to 3,107 unique Entrez Gene IDs, representative of all human chromosomes; however, by karyology, one of the hybrid tumors (GB-749) had a total of 15 human chromosomes in its cells. Among the genes mapped, 39 probe sets, representing 33 unique Entrez Gene IDs, complied with the detection criteria in all hybrid tumor samples. Five of these 33 genes encode transcription factors that are known to regulate cell growth and differentiation; five encode cell adhesion- and transmigration-associated proteins that participate in oncogenesis and/or metastasis and invasion; and additional genes encode proteins involved in signaling pathways, regulation of apoptosis, DNA repair, and multidrug resistance. These findings were corroborated by PCR and reverse transcription PCR, showing the presence of human alphoid (α)-satellite DNA and the F11R transcripts in additional tumor transplant generations. We posit that in-vivo fusion discloses genes implicated in tumor progression, and gene families coding for the organoid phenotype. Thus, cancer cells can transduce adjacent stromal cells, with the resulting progeny having permanently transcribed genes with malignant and other gene functions of the donor DNA. Using heterospecific in-vivo cell fusion, genes encoding oncogenic and organogenic traits may be identified. },

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid24465620,

title = {Prediction of the number of activated genes in multiple independent Cd(+2)- and As(+3)-induced malignant transformations of human urothelial cells (UROtsa)},

author = {Scott H Garrett and Seema Somji and Donald A Sens and Ke K Zhang},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0085614},

issn = {1932-6203},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {PLoS One},

volume = {9},

number = {1},

pages = {e85614},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Many toxic environmental agents such as cadmium and arsenic are found to be epidemiologically linked to increasing rates of cancers. In vitro studies show that these toxic agents induced malignant transformation in human cells. It is not clear whether such malignant transformation induced by a single toxic agent is driven by a common set of genes. Although the advancement of high-throughput technology has facilitated the profiling of global gene expression, it remains a question whether the sample size is sufficient to identify this common driver gene set.



RESULTS: We have developed a statistical method, SOFLR, to predict the number of common activated genes using a limited number of microarray samples. We conducted two case studies, cadmium and arsenic transformed human urothelial cells. Our method is able to precisely predict the number of stably induced and repressed genes and the number of samples to identify the common activated genes. The number of independent transformed isolates required for identifying the common activated genes is also estimated. The simulation study further validated our method and identified the important parameters in this analysis.



CONCLUSIONS: Our method predicts the degree of similarity and diversity during cell malignant transformation by a single toxic agent. The results of our case studies imply the existence of common driver and passenger gene sets in toxin-induced transformation. Using a pilot study with small sample size, this method also helps microarray experimental design by determining the number of samples required to identify the common activated gene set.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid24586654,

title = {Systems genetics of liver fibrosis: identification of fibrogenic and expression quantitative trait loci in the BXD murine reference population},

author = {Rabea A Hall and Roman Liebe and Katrin Hochrath and Andrey Kazakov and Rudi Alberts and Ulrich Laufs and Michael Böhm and Hans-Peter Fischer and Robert W Williams and Klaus Schughart and Susanne N Weber and Frank Lammert},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0089279},

issn = {1932-6203},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {PLoS One},

volume = {9},

number = {2},

pages = {e89279},

abstract = {The progression of liver fibrosis in response to chronic injury varies considerably among individual patients. The underlying genetics is highly complex due to large numbers of potential genes, environmental factors and cell types involved. Here, we provide the first toxicogenomic analysis of liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride in the murine 'genetic reference panel' of recombinant inbred BXD lines. Our aim was to define the core of risk genes and gene interaction networks that control fibrosis progression. Liver fibrosis phenotypes and gene expression profiles were determined in 35 BXD lines. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis identified seven genomic loci influencing fibrosis phenotypes (pQTLs) with genome-wide significance on chromosomes 4, 5, 7, 12, and 17. Stepwise refinement was based on expression QTL mapping with stringent selection criteria, reducing the number of 1,351 candidate genes located in the pQTLs to a final list of 11 cis-regulated genes. Our findings demonstrate that the BXD reference population represents a powerful experimental resource for shortlisting the genes within a regulatory network that determine the liver's vulnerability to chronic injury. },

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid24839442,

title = {Transcriptional Response of Selenopolypeptide Genes and Selenocysteine Biosynthesis Machinery Genes in Escherichia coli during Selenite Reduction},

author = {Antonia Y Tetteh and Katherine H Sun and Chiu-Yueh Hung and Farooqahmed S Kittur and Gordon C Ibeanu and Daniel Williams and Jiahua Xie},

doi = {10.1155/2014/394835},

issn = {1687-918X},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Int J Microbiol},

volume = {2014},

pages = {394835},

abstract = {Bacteria can reduce toxic selenite into less toxic, elemental selenium (Se(0)), but the mechanism on how bacterial cells reduce selenite at molecular level is still not clear. We used Escherichia coli strain K12, a common bacterial strain, as a model to study its growth response to sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) treatment and then used quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to quantify transcript levels of three E. coli selenopolypeptide genes and a set of machinery genes for selenocysteine (SeCys) biosynthesis and incorporation into polypeptides, whose involvements in the selenite reduction are largely unknown. We determined that 5 mM Na2SeO3 treatment inhibited growth by ∼ 50% while 0.001 to 0.01 mM treatments stimulated cell growth by ∼ 30%. Under 50% inhibitory or 30% stimulatory Na2SeO3 concentration, selenopolypeptide genes (fdnG, fdoG, and fdhF) whose products require SeCys but not SeCys biosynthesis machinery genes were found to be induced ≥2-fold. In addition, one sulfur (S) metabolic gene iscS and two previously reported selenite-responsive genes sodA and gutS were also induced ≥2-fold under 50% inhibitory concentration. Our findings provide insight about the detoxification of selenite in E. coli via induction of these genes involved in the selenite reduction process. },

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid24124161,

title = {Shifts in the vascular endothelial growth factor isoforms result in transcriptome changes correlated with early neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation in mouse forebrain},

author = {Jacob T Cain and Matthew A Berosik and Stephanie D Snyder and Natalie F Crawford and Shirin I Nour and Geoffrey J Schaubhut and Diane C Darland},

doi = {10.1002/dneu.22130},

issn = {1932-846X},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Dev Neurobiol},

volume = {74},

number = {1},

pages = {63--81},

abstract = {Regulation of neural stem cell (NSC) fate decisions is critical during the transition from a multicellular mammalian forebrain neuroepithelium to the multilayered neocortex. Forebrain development requires coordinated vascular investment alongside NSC differentiation. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (Vegf) has proven to be a pleiotrophic gene whose multiple protein isoforms regulate a broad range of effects in neurovascular systems. To test the hypothesis that the Vegf isoforms (120, 164, and 188) are required for normal forebrain development, we analyzed the forebrain transcriptome of mice expressing specific Vegf isoforms, Vegf120, VegfF188, or a combination of Vegf120/188. Transcriptome analysis identified differentially expressed genes in embryonic day (E) 9.5 forebrain, a time point preceding dramatic neuroepithelial expansion and vascular investment in the telencephalon. Meta-analysis identified gene pathways linked to chromosome-level modifications, cell fate regulation, and neurogenesis that were altered in Vegf isoform mice. Based on these gene network shifts, we predicted that NSC populations would be affected in later stages of forebrain development. In the E11.5 telencephalon, we quantified mitotic cells [Phospho-Histone H3 (pHH3)-positive] and intermediate progenitor cells (Tbr2/Eomes-positive), observing quantitative and qualitative shifts in these populations. We observed qualitative shifts in cortical layering at P0, particularly with Ctip2-positive cells in layer V. The results identify a suite of genes and functional gene networks that can be used to further dissect the role of Vegf in regulating NSC differentiation and downstream consequences for NSC fate decisions.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid23743655,

title = {Transcriptome analysis of cytoplasmic male sterility and restoration in CMS-D8 cotton},

author = {Hideaki Suzuki and Laura Rodriguez-Uribe and Jiannong Xu and Jinfa Zhang},

doi = {10.1007/s00299-013-1465-7},

issn = {1432-203X},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-10-01},

journal = {Plant Cell Rep},

volume = {32},

number = {10},

pages = {1531--1542},

abstract = {KEY MESSAGE: A global view of differential expression of genes in CMS-D8 of cotton was presented in this study which will facilitate the understanding of cytoplasmic male sterility in cotton. Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a maternally inherited trait in higher plants which is incapable of producing functional pollen. However, the male fertility can be restored by one or more nuclear-encoded restorer genes. A genome-wide transcriptome analysis of CMS and restoration in cotton is currently lacking. In this study, Affymetrix GeneChips© Cotton Genome Array containing 24,132 transcripts was used to compare differentially expressed (DE) genes of flower buds at the meiosis stage between CMS and its restorer cotton plants conditioned by the D8 cytoplasm. A total of 458 (1.9 %) of DE genes including 127 up-regulated and 331 down-regulated ones were identified in the CMS-D8 line. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to validate 10 DE genes selected from seven functional categories. The most frequent DE gene group was found to encode putative proteins involved in cell wall expansion, such as pectinesterase, pectate lyase, pectin methylesterase, glyoxal oxidase, polygalacturonase, indole-3-acetic acid-amino synthetase, and xyloglucan endo-transglycosylase. Genes in cytoskeleton category including actin, which plays a key role in cell wall expansion, cell elongation and cell division, were also highly differentially expressed between the fertile and CMS plants. This work represents the first study in utilizing microarray to identify CMS-related genes by comparing overall DE genes between fertile and CMS plants in cotton. The results provide evidence that many CMS-associated genes are mainly involved in cell wall expansion. Further analysis will be required to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of male sterility which will facilitate the development of new hybrid cultivars in cotton.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid24022508,

title = {Expression of GABAA α2-, β1- and ε-receptors are altered significantly in the lateral cerebellum of subjects with schizophrenia, major depression and bipolar disorder},

author = {S H Fatemi and T D Folsom and R J Rooney and P D Thuras},

doi = {10.1038/tp.2013.64},

issn = {2158-3188},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-09-01},

journal = {Transl Psychiatry},

volume = {3},

pages = {e303},

abstract = {There is abundant evidence that dysfunction of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic signaling system is implicated in the pathology of schizophrenia and mood disorders. Less is known about the alterations in protein expression of GABA receptor subunits in brains of subjects with schizophrenia and mood disorders. We have previously demonstrated reduced expression of GABA(B) receptor subunits 1 and 2 (GABBR1 and GABBR2) in the lateral cerebella of subjects with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. In the current study, we have expanded these studies to examine the mRNA and protein expression of 12 GABA(A) subunit proteins (α1, α2, α3, α5, α6, β1, β2, β3, δ, ε, γ2 and γ3) in the lateral cerebella from the same set of subjects with schizophrenia (N=9-15), bipolar disorder (N=10-15) and major depression (N=12-15) versus healthy controls (N=10-15). We found significant group effects for protein levels of the α2-, β1- and ε-subunits across treatment groups. We also found a significant group effect for mRNA levels of the α1-subunit across treatment groups. New avenues for treatment, such as the use of neurosteroids to promote GABA modulation, could potentially ameliorate GABAergic dysfunction in these disorders.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid23732988,

title = {Antitumor effects of chimeric receptor engineered human T cells directed to tumor stroma},

author = {Sunitha Kakarla and Kevin K H Chow and Melinda Mata and Donald R Shaffer and Xiao-Tong Song and Meng-Fen Wu and Hao Liu and Lisa L Wang and David R Rowley and Klaus Pfizenmaier and Stephen Gottschalk},

doi = {10.1038/mt.2013.110},

issn = {1525-0024},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-08-01},

journal = {Mol Ther},

volume = {21},

number = {8},

pages = {1611--1620},

abstract = {Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), the principle component of the tumor-associated stroma, form a highly protumorigenic and immunosuppressive microenvironment that mediates therapeutic resistance. Co-targeting CAFs in addition to cancer cells may therefore augment the antitumor response. Fibroblast activation protein-α (FAP), a type 2 dipeptidyl peptidase, is expressed on CAFs in a majority of solid tumors making it an attractive immunotherapeutic target. To target FAP-positive CAFs in the tumor-associated stroma, we genetically modified T cells to express a FAP-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). The resulting FAP-specific T cells recognized and killed FAP-positive target cells as determined by proinflammatory cytokine release and target cell lysis. In an established A549 lung cancer model, adoptive transfer of FAP-specific T cells significantly reduced FAP-positive stromal cells, with a concomitant decrease in tumor growth. Combining these FAP-specific T cells with T cells that targeted the EphA2 antigen on the A549 cancer cells themselves significantly enhanced overall antitumor activity and conferred a survival advantage compared to either alone. Our study underscores the value of co-targeting both CAFs and cancer cells to increase the benefits of T-cell immunotherapy for solid tumors. },

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid23778581,

title = {mRNA and protein expression for novel GABAA receptors θ and ρ2 are altered in schizophrenia and mood disorders; relevance to FMRP-mGluR5 signaling pathway},

author = {S H Fatemi and T D Folsom and R J Rooney and P D Thuras},

doi = {10.1038/tp.2013.46},

issn = {2158-3188},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-06-01},

journal = {Transl Psychiatry},

volume = {3},

pages = {e271},

abstract = {Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) is an RNA-binding protein that targets ∼5% of all mRNAs expressed in the brain. Previous work by our laboratory demonstrated significantly lower protein levels for FMRP in lateral cerebella of subjects with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression when compared with controls. Absence of FMRP expression in animal models of fragile X syndrome (FXS) has been shown to reduce expression of gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptor mRNAs. Previous work by our laboratory has found reduced expression of FMRP, as well as multiple GABAA and GABAB receptor subunits in subjects with autism. Less is known about levels for GABAA subunit protein expression in brains of subjects with schizophrenia and mood disorders. In the current study, we have expanded our previous studies to examine the protein and mRNA expression of two novel GABAA receptors, theta (GABRθ) and rho 2 (GABRρ2) as well as FMRP, and metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) in lateral cerebella of subjects with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression and healthy controls, and in superior frontal cortex (Brodmann Area 9 (BA9)) of subjects with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and healthy controls. We observed multiple statistically significant mRNA and protein changes in levels of GABRθ, GABRρ2, mGluR5 and FMRP molecules including concordant reductions in mRNA and proteins for GABRθ and mGluR5 in lateral cerebella of subjects with schizophrenia; for increased mRNA and protein for GABRρ2 in lateral cerebella of subjects with bipolar disorder; and for reduced mRNA and protein for mGluR5 in BA9 of subjects with bipolar disorder. There were no significant effects of confounds on any of the results.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid23305731,

title = {Neutrophil differentiation into a unique hybrid population exhibiting dual phenotype and functionality of neutrophils and dendritic cells},

author = {Hironori Matsushima and Shuo Geng and Ran Lu and Takashi Okamoto and Yi Yao and Nobuyasu Mayuzumi and Paul F Kotol and Benjamin J Chojnacki and Toru Miyazaki and Richard L Gallo and Akira Takashima},

doi = {10.1182/blood-2012-07-445189},

issn = {1528-0020},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-03-01},

journal = {Blood},

volume = {121},

number = {10},

pages = {1677--1689},

abstract = {Neutrophils have been reported to acquire surface expression of MHC class II and co-stimulatory molecules as well as T-cell stimulatory activities when cultured with selected cytokines. However, cellular identity of those unusual neutrophils showing antigen presenting cell (APC)-like features still remains elusive. Here we show that both immature and mature neutrophils purified from mouse bone marrow differentiate into a previously unrecognized "hybrid" population showing dual properties of both neutrophils and dendritic cells (DCs) when cultured with granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor but not with other tested growth factors. The resulting hybrid cells express markers of both neutrophils (Ly6G, CXCR2, and 7/4) and DCs (CD11c, MHC II, CD80, and CD86). They also exhibit several properties typically reserved for DCs, including dendritic morphology, probing motion, podosome formation, production of interleukin-12 and other cytokines, and presentation of various forms of foreign protein antigens to naïve CD4 T cells. Importantly, they retain intrinsic abilities of neutrophils to capture exogenous material, extrude neutrophil extracellular traps, and kill bacteria via cathelicidin production. Not only do our results reinforce the notion that neutrophils can acquire APC-like properties, they also unveil a unique differentiation pathway of neutrophils into neutrophil-DC hybrids that can participate in both innate and adaptive immune responses.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid23140559,

title = {Abundance of female-biased and paucity of male-biased somatically expressed genes on the mouse X-chromosome},

author = {Björn Reinius and Martin M Johansson and Katarzyna J Radomska and Edward H Morrow and Gaurav K Pandey and Chandrasekhar Kanduri and Rickard Sandberg and Robert W Williams and Elena Jazin},

doi = {10.1186/1471-2164-13-607},

issn = {1471-2164},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-11-01},

journal = {BMC Genomics},

volume = {13},

pages = {607},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Empirical evaluations of sexually dimorphic expression of genes on the mammalian X-chromosome are needed to understand the evolutionary forces and the gene-regulatory mechanisms controlling this chromosome. We performed a large-scale sex-bias expression analysis of genes on the X-chromosome in six different somatic tissues from mouse.



RESULTS: Our results show that the mouse X-chromosome is enriched with female-biased genes and depleted of male-biased genes. This suggests that feminisation as well as de-masculinisation of the X-chromosome has occurred in terms of gene expression in non-reproductive tissues. Several mechanisms may be responsible for the control of female-biased expression on chromosome X, and escape from X-inactivation is a main candidate. We confirmed escape in case of Tmem29 using RNA-FISH analysis. In addition, we identified novel female-biased non-coding transcripts located in the same female-biased cluster as the well-known coding X-inactivation escapee Kdm5c, likely transcribed from the transition-region between active and silenced domains. We also found that previously known escapees only partially explained the overrepresentation of female-biased X-genes, particularly for tissue-specific female-biased genes. Therefore, the gene set we have identified contains tissue-specific escapees and/or genes controlled by other sexually skewed regulatory mechanisms. Analysis of gene age showed that evolutionarily old X-genes (>100 myr, preceding the radiation of placental mammals) are more frequently female-biased than younger genes.



CONCLUSION: Altogether, our results have implications for understanding both gene regulation and gene evolution of mammalian X-chromosomes, and suggest that the final result in terms of the X-gene composition (masculinisation versus feminisation) is a compromise between different evolutionary forces acting on reproductive and somatic tissues.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid22397407,

title = {Evaluation of Arabidopsis thaliana as a model host for Xylella fastidiosa},

author = {Elizabeth E Rogers},

doi = {10.1094/MPMI-11-10-0270},

issn = {0894-0282},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-06-01},

journal = {Mol Plant Microbe Interact},

volume = {25},

number = {6},

pages = {747--754},

abstract = {The bacterium Xylella fastidiosa causes a number of plant diseases of significant economic impact. To date, progress determining mechanisms of host-plant susceptibility, tolerance, or resistance has been slow, due in large part to the long generation time and limited available genetic resources for grape, almond, and other known hosts of X. fastidiosa. To overcome many of these limitations, Arabidopsis thaliana has been evaluated as a host for X. fastidiosa. A pin-prick inoculation method has been developed to infect Arabidopsis with X. fastidiosa. Following infection, X. fastidiosa multiplies and can be detected by microscopy, polymerase chain reaction, and isolation. The ecotypes Van-0, LL-0, and Tsu-1 all allow more growth of strain X. fastidiosa Temecula than the reference ecotype Col-0. Affymetrix ATH1 microarray analysis of inoculated vs. noninoculated Tsu-1 reveals gene expression changes that differ greatly from changes seen after infection with apoplast-colonizing bacteria such as Psuedomonas syringae pvs. tomato or syringae. Many genes responsive to oxidative stress are differentially regulated, while classic pathogenesis-related genes are not induced by X. fastidiosa infection.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid22427570,

title = {Intra-ophthalmic artery chemotherapy triggers vascular toxicity through endothelial cell inflammation and leukostasis},

author = {Jena J Steinle and Qiuhua Zhang and Karin Emmons Thompson and Jordan Toutounchian and C Ryan Yates and Carl Soderland and Fan Wang and Clinton F Stewart and Barrett G Haik and J Scott Williams and J Scott Jackson and Timothy D Mandrell and Dianna Johnson and Matthew W Wilson},

doi = {10.1167/iovs.12-9466},

issn = {1552-5783},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-04-01},

journal = {Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci},

volume = {53},

number = {4},

pages = {2439--2445},

abstract = {Purpose. Super-selective intra-ophthalmic artery chemotherapy (SSIOAC) is an eye-targeted drug-delivery strategy to treat retinoblastoma, the most prevalent primary ocular malignancy in children. Unfortunately, recent clinical reports associate adverse vascular toxicities with SSIOAC using melphalan, the most commonly used chemotherapeutic.  Methods. To explore reasons for the unexpected vascular toxicities, we examined the effects of melphalan, as well as carboplatin (another chemotherapeutic used with retinoblastoma), in vitro using primary human retinal endothelial cells, and in vivo using a non-human primate model, which allowed us to monitor the retina in real time during SSIOAC.  Results. Both melphalan and carboplatin triggered human retinal endothelial cell migration, proliferation, apoptosis, and increased expression of adhesion proteins intracellullar adhesion molecule-1 [ICAM-1] and soluble chemotactic factors (IL-8). Melphalan increased monocytic adhesion to human retinal endothelial cells. Consistent with these in vitro findings, histopathology showed vessel wall endothelial cell changes, leukostasis, and vessel occlusion.  Conclusions. These results reflect a direct interaction of chemotherapeutic drugs with both the vascular endothelium and monocytes. The vascular toxicity may be related to the pH, the pulsatile delivery, or the chemotherapeutic drugs used. Our long-term goal is to determine if changes in the drug of choice and/or delivery procedures will decrease vascular toxicity and lead to better eye-targeted treatment strategies.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid22234290,

title = {CM156, a sigma receptor ligand, reverses cocaine-induced place conditioning and transcriptional responses in the brain},

author = {Yan-Tong Xu and Matthew J Robson and Wioletta Szeszel-Fedorowicz and Divyen Patel and Robert Rooney and Christopher R McCurdy and Rae R Matsumoto},

doi = {10.1016/j.pbb.2011.12.016},

issn = {1873-5177},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-03-01},

journal = {Pharmacol Biochem Behav},

volume = {101},

number = {1},

pages = {174--180},

abstract = {Repeated exposure to cocaine induces neuroadaptations which contribute to the rewarding properties of cocaine. Using cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) as an animal model of reward, earlier studies have shown that sigma (σ) receptor ligands can attenuate the acquisition, expression and reactivation of CPP. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms that are associated with these changes are not yet understood. In the present study, CM156, a novel antagonist with high selectivity and affinity for σ receptors was used to attenuate the expression of cocaine-induced CPP in mice. Immediately following the behavioral evaluations, mouse brain tissues were collected and alterations in gene expression in half brain samples were profiled by cDNA microarray analysis. Microarray data was analyzed by three distinct normalization methods and four genes were consistently found to be upregulated by cocaine when compared to saline controls. Each of these gene changes were found by more than one normalization method to be reversed by at least one dose of CM156. Quantitative real time PCR confirmed that a single administration of CM156 was able to reverse the cocaine-induced increases in three of these four genes: metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (malat1), tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein (ywhaz), and transthyretin (ttr). These genes are involved in processes related to neuroplasticity and RNA editing. The data presented herein provides evidence that pharmacological intervention with a putative σ receptor antagonist reverses alterations in gene expression that are associated with cocaine-induced reward.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid21277874,

title = {The viral theory of schizophrenia revisited: abnormal placental gene expression and structural changes with lack of evidence for H1N1 viral presence in placentae of infected mice or brains of exposed offspring},

author = {S Hossein Fatemi and Timothy D Folsom and Robert J Rooney and Susumu Mori and Tess E Kornfield and Teri J Reutiman and Rachel E Kneeland and Stephanie B Liesch and Kegang Hua and John Hsu and Divyen H Patel},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.01.011},

issn = {1873-7064},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-03-01},

journal = {Neuropharmacology},

volume = {62},

number = {3},

pages = {1290--1298},

abstract = {Researchers have long noted an excess of patients with schizophrenia were born during the months of January and March. This winter birth effect has been hypothesized to result either from various causes such as vitamin D deficiency (McGrath, 1999; McGrath et al., 2010), or from maternal infection during pregnancy. Infection with a number of viruses during pregnancy including influenza, and rubella are known to increase the risk of schizophrenia in the offspring (Brown, 2006). Animal models using influenza virus or Poly I:C, a viral mimic, have been able to replicate many of the brain morphological, genetic, and behavioral deficits of schizophrenia (Meyer et al., 2006, 2008a, 2009; Bitanihirwe et al., 2010; Meyer and Feldon, 2010; Short et al., 2010). Using a murine model of prenatal viral infection, our laboratory has shown that viral infection on embryonic days 9, 16, and 18 leads to abnormal expression of brain genes and brain structural abnormalities in the exposed offspring (Fatemi et al., 2005, 2008a,b, 2009a,b). The purpose of the current study was to examine gene expression and morphological changes in the placenta, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex as a result of viral infection on embryonic day 7 of pregnancy. Pregnant mice were either infected with influenza virus [A/WSN/33 strain (H1N1)] or sham-infected with vehicle solution. At E16, placentas were harvested and prepared for either microarray analysis or for light microscopy. We observed significant, upregulation of 77 genes and significant downregulation of 93 genes in placentas. In brains of exposed offspring following E7 infection, there were changes in gene expression in prefrontal cortex (6 upregulated and 24 downregulated at P0; 5 upregulated and 14 downregulated at P56) and hippocampus (4 upregulated and 6 downregulated at P0; 6 upregulated and 13 downregulated at P56). QRT-PCR verified the direction and magnitude of change for a number of genes associated with hypoxia, inflammation, schizophrenia, and autism. Placentas from infected mice showed a number of morphological abnormalities including presence of thrombi and increased presence of immune cells. Additionally, we searched for presence of H1N1 viral-specific genes for M1/M2, NA, and NS1 in placentas of infected mice and brains of exposed offspring and found none. Our results demonstrate that prenatal viral infection disrupts structure and gene expression of the placenta, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex potentially explaining deleterious effects in the exposed offspring without evidence for presence of viral RNAs in the target tissues.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid22272270,

title = {MicroRNA-221 modulates RSV replication in human bronchial epithelium by targeting NGF expression},

author = {Sreekumar Othumpangat and Cheryl Walton and Giovanni Piedimonte},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0030030},

issn = {1932-6203},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {PLoS One},

volume = {7},

number = {1},

pages = {e30030},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Early-life infection by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is associated with aberrant expression of the prototypical neurotrophin nerve growth factor (NGF) and its cognate receptors in human bronchial epithelium. However, the chain of events leading to this outcome, and its functional implications for the progression of the viral infection, has not been elucidated. This study sought to test the hypothesis that RSV infection modulates neurotrophic pathways in human airways by silencing the expression of specific microRNAs (miRNAs), and that this effect favors viral growth by interfering with programmed death of infected cells.



METHODOLOGY: Human bronchial epithelial cells infected with green fluorescent protein-expressing RSV (rgRSV) were screened with multiplex qPCR arrays, and miRNAs significantly affected by the virus were analyzed for homology with mRNAs encoding neurotrophic factors or receptors. Mimic sequences of selected miRNAs were transfected into non-infected bronchial cells to confirm the role of each of them in regulating neurotrophins expression at the gene and protein level, and to study their influence on cell cycle and viral replication.



PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: RSV caused downregulation of 24 miRNAs and upregulation of 2 (p<0.01). Homology analysis of microarray data revealed that 6 of those miRNAs exhibited a high degree of complementarity to NGF and/or one of its cognate receptors TrKA and p75(NTR). Among the selected miRNAs, miR-221 was significantly downregulated by RSV and its transfection in bronchial epithelial cells maximally inhibited gene and protein expression of NGF and TrKA, increased apoptotic cell death, and reduced viral replication and infectivity.



CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our data suggest that RSV upregulates the NGF-TrKA axis in human airways by silencing miR-221 expression, and this favors viral replication by interfering with the apoptotic death of infected cells. Consequently, the targeted delivery of exogenous miRNAs to the airways may provide a new strategy for future antiviral therapies based on RNA interference.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid21954451,

title = {Panhistone deacetylase inhibitors inhibit proinflammatory signaling pathways to ameliorate interleukin-18-induced cardiac hypertrophy},

author = {Gipsy Majumdar and Robert J Rooney and I Maria Johnson and Rajendra Raghow},

doi = {10.1152/physiolgenomics.00048.2011},

issn = {1531-2267},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-12-01},

journal = {Physiol Genomics},

volume = {43},

number = {24},

pages = {1319--1333},

abstract = {We investigated the genome-wide consequences of pan-histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) trichostatin A (TSA) and m-carboxycinnamic acid bis-hydroxamide (CBHA) in the hearts of BALB/c mice eliciting hypertrophy in response to interleukin-18 (IL-18). Both TSA and CBHA profoundly altered cardiac chromatin structure that occurred concomitantly with normalization of IL-18-induced gene expression and amelioration of cardiac hypertrophy. The hearts of mice exposed to IL-18+/-TSA or CBHA elicited distinct gene expression profiles. Of 184 genes that were differentially regulated by IL-18 and TSA, 33 were regulated in an opposite manner. The hearts of mice treated with IL-18 and/or CBHA elicited 147 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), a third of which were oppositely regulated by IL-18 and CBHA. Ingenuity Pathways and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses of DEGs showed that IL-18 impinged on TNF-α- and IFNγ-specific gene networks relegated to controlling immunity and inflammation, cardiac metabolism and energetics, and cell proliferation and apoptosis. These TNF-α- and IFNγ-specific gene networks, extensively connected with PI3K, MAPK, and NF-κB signaling pathways, were oppositely regulated by IL-18 and pan-HDACIs. Evidently, both TSA and CBHA caused a two- to fourfold induction of phosphatase and tensin homolog expression to counteract IL-18-induced proinflammatory signaling and cardiac hypertrophy.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid21803034,

title = {Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) isoform regulation of early forebrain development},

author = {Diane C Darland and Jacob T Cain and Matthew A Berosik and Magali Saint-Geniez and Patrick W Odens and Geoffrey J Schaubhut and Sarah Frisch and Anat Stemmer-Rachamimov and Tristan Darland and Patricia A D'Amore},

doi = {10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.06.045},

issn = {1095-564X},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-10-01},

journal = {Dev Biol},

volume = {358},

number = {1},

pages = {9--22},

abstract = {This work was designed to determine the role of the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF) isoforms during early neuroepithelial development in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), specifically in the forebrain. An emerging model of interdependence between neural and vascular systems includes VEGF, with its dual roles as a potent angiogenesis factor and neural regulator. Although a number of studies have implicated VEGF in CNS development, little is known about the role that the different VEGF isoforms play in early neurogenesis. We used a mouse model of disrupted VEGF isoform expression that eliminates the predominant brain isoform, VEGF164, and expresses only the diffusible form, VEGF120. We tested the hypothesis that VEGF164 plays a key role in controlling neural precursor populations in developing cortex. We used microarray analysis to compare gene expression differences between wild type and VEGF120 mice at E9.5, the primitive stem cell stage of the neuroepithelium. We quantified changes in PHH3-positive nuclei, neural stem cell markers (Pax6 and nestin) and the Tbr2-positive intermediate progenitors at E11.5 when the neural precursor population is expanding rapidly. Absence of VEGF164 (and VEGF188) leads to reduced proliferation without an apparent effect on the number of Tbr2-positive cells. There is a corresponding reduction in the number of mitotic spindles that are oriented parallel to the ventricular surface relative to those with a vertical or oblique angle. These results support a role for the VEGF isoforms in supporting the neural precursor population of the early neuroepithelium.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid21844567,

title = {HDM-2 inhibition suppresses expression of ribonucleotide reductase subunit M2, and synergistically enhances gemcitabine-induced cytotoxicity in mantle cell lymphoma},

author = {Richard J Jones and Veerabhadran Baladandayuthapani and Sattva Neelapu and Luis E Fayad and Jorge E Romaguera and Michael Wang and Rakesh Sharma and Dajun Yang and Robert Z Orlowski},

doi = {10.1182/blood-2011-03-340323},

issn = {1528-0020},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-10-01},

journal = {Blood},

volume = {118},

number = {15},

pages = {4140--4149},

abstract = {Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) usually responds well to initial therapy but is prone to relapses with chemoresistant disease, indicating the need for novel therapeutic approaches. Inhibition of the p53 E3 ligase human homolog of the murine double minute protein-2 (HDM-2) with MI-63 has been validated as one such strategy in wild-type (wt) p53 models, and our genomic and proteomic analyses demonstrated that MI-63 suppressed the expression of the ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) subunit M2 (RRM2). This effect occurred in association with induction of p21 and cell-cycle arrest at G(1)/S and prompted us to examine combinations with the RNR inhibitor 2',2'-difluoro-2'-deoxycytidine (gemcitabine). The regimen of MI-63-gemcitabine induced enhanced, synergistic antiproliferative, and proapoptotic effects in wtp53 MCL cell lines. Addition of exogenous dNTPs reversed this effect, whereas shRNA-mediated inhibition of RRM2 was sufficient to induce synergy with gemcitabine. Combination therapy of MCL murine xenografts with gemcitabine and MI-219, the in vivo analog of MI-63, resulted in enhanced antitumor activity. Finally, synergy was seen with MI-63-gemcitabine in primary patient samples that were found to express high levels of RRM2 compared with MCL cell lines. These findings provide a framework for translation of the rational combination of an HDM-2 and RNR inhibitor to the clinic for patients with relapsed wtp53 MCL.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid21285395,

title = {Alternatively spliced variants of interleukin-4 promote inflammation differentially},

author = {Irina G Luzina and Virginia Lockatell and Nevins W Todd and Kendrick Highsmith and Achsah D Keegan and Jeffrey D Hasday and Sergei P Atamas},

doi = {10.1189/jlb.0510271},

issn = {1938-3673},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-05-01},

journal = {J Leukoc Biol},

volume = {89},

number = {5},

pages = {763--770},

abstract = {IL-4δ2 is a natural splice variant of IL-4 that lacks the region encoded by the second exon. Numerous reports have suggested that the expression levels of IL-4δ2 change in various diseases, especially those with pulmonary involvement, but the in vivo effects of this splice variant have never been studied. Replication-deficient, AdV-mediated gene delivery of mIL-4δ2 to mouse lungs in vivo was used, and the effects compared with similar adenoviral delivery of mIL-4 or with infection with a noncoding NULL viral construct. Overexpression of IL-4δ2 or IL-4 caused pulmonary infiltration by T and B lymphocytes, whereas in contrast to IL-4, IL-4δ2 did not induce eosinophilia or goblet cell hyperplasia. Microarray analysis of global gene expression revealed that IL-4δ2 and IL-4 had differential effects on gene expression. These splice variants also differentially regulated pulmonary levels of the cytokines TNF-α, eotaxin, IL-1α, IFN-γ, and MCP-1, whereas both tended to increase total lung collagen modestly. Pulmonary infiltration by lymphocytes in response to overexpression of IL-4δ2 was attenuated but not abrogated completely by germline deficiency of IL-4Rα or STAT6, whereas deficiency of endogenous IL-4 had no effect. Thus, IL-4δ2 promotes lymphocytic inflammation in vivo (although differentially from IL-4, in part), and the effects of IL-4δ2 are not mediated by endogenous IL-4. Differential targeting of IL-4δ2 and IL-4 may therefore be considered in developing future therapeutic agents.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid21189262,

title = {Evidence of a role for activation of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in the resistance of plasma cells to lenalidomide},

author = {Chad C Bjorklund and Wencai Ma and Zhi-Qiang Wang and R Eric Davis and Deborah J Kuhn and Steven M Kornblau and Michael Wang and Jatin J Shah and Robert Z Orlowski},

doi = {10.1074/jbc.M110.180208},

issn = {1083-351X},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-04-01},

journal = {J Biol Chem},

volume = {286},

number = {13},

pages = {11009--11020},

abstract = {Lenalidomide plays an important role in our chemotherapeutic armamentarium against multiple myeloma, in part by exerting direct anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects. Unfortunately, long-term exposure leads to the development of drug resistance through unknown mechanisms, and we therefore sought to identify pathways that could be responsible for this phenotype. Chronic drug exposure produced myeloma cell lines that were tolerant of the direct effects of lenalidomide, with a degree of resistance of up to 2,500-fold. Gene expression profiling and pathway analysis identified dysregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway as a consistent change across four independent cell isolates, and a pair of primary plasma cell samples. Acute drug treatment also increased β-catenin transcription by 3-fold or more, and both acute and chronic exposure resulted in enhanced accumulation of β-catenin protein by up to 20-fold or more. This produced Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation, as judged by increased activity of a lymphoid enhancer factor/T-cell factor promoter reporter, and enhanced accumulation of the downstream targets cyclin D1 and c-Myc. Components of the β-catenin destruction complex were also impacted by lenalidomide, which suppressed casein kinase 1α expression while augmenting glycogen synthase kinase 3α/β phosphorylation. Stimulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling with recombinant Wnt-3a, or by overexpression of β-catenin, reduced the anti-proliferative activity of lenalidomide. Conversely, suppression of β-catenin with small hairpin RNAs restored plasma cell sensitivity to lenalidomide. Together, these findings support the hypothesis that lenalidomide mediates activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in plasma cells as a mechanism of inducible chemoresistance through effects at the transcriptional and post-translational levels.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Curtiss2011,

title = {Identification of differentially expressed genes associated with semigamy in Pima cotton (Gossypium barbadenseL.) through comparative microarray analysis},

author = {Jessica Curtiss and Laura Rodriguez-Uribe and J. McD Stewart and Jinfa Zhang},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2229-11-49},

doi = {10.1186/1471-2229-11-49},

issn = {1471-2229},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-03-16},

journal = {BMC Plant Biology},

volume = {11},

number = {1},

pages = {49},

abstract = {Semigamy in cotton is a type of facultative apomixis controlled by an incompletely dominant autosomal gene (Se). During semigamy, the sperm and egg cells undergo cellular fusion, but the sperm and egg nucleus fail to fuse in the embryo sac, giving rise to diploid, haploid, or chimeric embryos composed of sectors of paternal and maternal origin. In this study we sought to identify differentially expressed genes related to the semigamy genotype by implementing a comparative microarray analysis of anthers and ovules between a non-semigametic Pima S-1 cotton and its doubled haploid natural isogenic mutant semigametic 57-4. Selected differentially expressed genes identified by the microarray results were then confirmed using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR).},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid21637858,

title = {Ciliary neurotrophic factor induces genes associated with inflammation and gliosis in the retina: a gene profiling study of flow-sorted, Müller cells},

author = {Wei Xue and Radu I Cojocaru and V Joseph Dudley and Matthew Brooks and Anand Swaroop and Vijay P Sarthy},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0020326},

issn = {1932-6203},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {PLoS One},

volume = {6},

number = {5},

pages = {e20326},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), a member of the interleukin-6 cytokine family, has been implicated in the development, differentiation and survival of retinal neurons. The mechanisms of CNTF action as well as its cellular targets in the retina are poorly understood. It has been postulated that some of the biological effects of CNTF are mediated through its action via retinal glial cells; however, molecular changes in retinal glia induced by CNTF have not been elucidated. We have, therefore, examined gene expression dynamics of purified Müller (glial) cells exposed to CNTF in vivo.



METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Müller cells were flow-sorted from mgfap-egfp transgenic mice one or three days after intravitreal injection of CNTF. Microarray analysis using RNA from purified Müller cells showed differential expression of almost 1,000 transcripts with two- to seventeen-fold change in response to CNTF. A comparison of transcriptional profiles from Müller cells at one or three days after CNTF treatment showed an increase in the number of transcribed genes as well as a change in the expression pattern. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis showed that the differentially regulated genes belong to distinct functional types such as cytokines, growth factors, G-protein coupled receptors, transporters and ion channels. Interestingly, many genes induced by CNTF were also highly expressed in reactive Müller cells from mice with inherited or experimentally induced retinal degeneration. Further analysis of gene profiles revealed 20-30% overlap in the transcription pattern among Müller cells, astrocytes and the RPE.



CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our studies provide novel molecular insights into biological functions of Müller glial cells in mediating cytokine response. We suggest that CNTF remodels the gene expression profile of Müller cells leading to induction of networks associated with transcription, cell cycle regulation and inflammatory response. CNTF also appears to function as an inducer of gliosis in the retina.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid20807374,

title = {The transcription factor SlAREB1 confers drought, salt stress tolerance and regulates biotic and abiotic stress-related genes in tomato},

author = {Sandra Orellana and Mónica Yañez and Analía Espinoza and Isabel Verdugo and Enrique González and Simón Ruiz-Lara and José A Casaretto},

doi = {10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02220.x},

issn = {1365-3040},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-12-01},

journal = {Plant Cell Environ},

volume = {33},

number = {12},

pages = {2191--2208},

abstract = {Members of the abscisic acid-responsive element binding protein (AREB)/abscisic acid-responsive element binding factor (ABF) subfamily of basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors have been implicated in abscisic acid (ABA) and abiotic stress responses in plants. Here we describe two members identified in cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), named SlAREB1 and SlAREB2. Expression of SlAREB1 and SlAREB2 is induced by drought and salinity in both leaves and root tissues, although that of SlAREB1 was more affected. In stress assays, SlAREB1-overexpressing transgenic tomato plants showed increased tolerance to salt and water stress compared to wild-type and SlAREB1-down-regulating transgenic plants, as assessed by physiological parameters such as relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll fluorescence and damage by lipoperoxidation. In order to identify SlAREB1 target genes responsible for the enhanced tolerance, microarray and cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analyses were performed. Genes encoding oxidative stress-related proteins, lipid transfer proteins (LTPs), transcription regulators and late embryogenesis abundant proteins were found among the up-regulated genes in SlAREB1-overexpressing lines, especially in aerial tissue. Notably, several genes encoding defence proteins associated with responses to biotic stress (e.g. pathogenesis-related proteins, protease inhibitors, and catabolic enzymes) were also up-regulated by SlAREB1 overexpression, suggesting that this bZIP transcription factor is involved in ABA signals that participate in abiotic stress and possibly in response to pathogens.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid21351266,

title = {Early detection of lung adenocarcinoma in sputum by a panel of microRNA markers},

author = {Lei Yu and Nevins W Todd and Lingxiao Xing and Ying Xie and Howard Zhang and Zhenqiu Liu and Hongbin Fang and Jian Zhang and Ruth L Katz and Feng Jiang},

doi = {10.1002/ijc.25289},

issn = {1097-0215},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-12-01},

journal = {Int J Cancer},

volume = {127},

number = {12},

pages = {2870--2878},

abstract = {Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer deaths in the world. Early detection is the key to improve the survival of lung adenocarcinoma patients. We have previously shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) were stably present in sputum and could be applied to diagnosis of lung cancer. The aim of our study was to develop a panel of miRNAs that can be used as highly sensitive and specific sputum markers for early detection of lung adenocarcinoma. Our study contained 3 phases: (i) marker discovery using miRNA profiling on paired normal and tumor lung tissues from 20 patients with lung adenocarcinoma; (ii) marker optimization by real-time reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction on sputum of a case-control cohort consisting of 36 cancer patients and 36 health individuals and (iii) validation on an independent set of 64 lung cancer patients and 58 cancer-free subjects. From the surgical tissues, 7 miRNAs with significantly altered expression were identified, of which "4" were overexpressed and "3" were underexpressed in all 20 tumors. On the sputum samples of the case-control cohort, 4 (miR-21, miR-486, miR-375 and miR-200b) of the 7 miRNAs were selected, which in combination produced the best prediction in distinguishing lung adenocarcinoma patients from normal subjects with 80.6% sensitivity and 91.7% specificity. Validation of the marker panel in the independent populations confirmed the sensitivity and specificity that provided a significant improvement over any single one alone. The sputum markers demonstrated the potential of translation to laboratory settings for improving the early detection of lung adenocarcinoma.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid20526284,

title = {Early detection of squamous cell lung cancer in sputum by a panel of microRNA markers},

author = {Lingxiao Xing and Nevins W Todd and Lei Yu and Hongbin Fang and Feng Jiang},

doi = {10.1038/modpathol.2010.111},

issn = {1530-0285},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-08-01},

journal = {Mod Pathol},

volume = {23},

number = {8},

pages = {1157--1164},

abstract = {Squamous cell carcinoma is a common form of lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer deaths in the world. Identifying early stage lung squamous cell carcinoma patients who would benefit most from effective therapies will reduce the mortality. We have previously shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) were stably present in sputum and potentially useful in diagnosis of lung cancer. The objective of this study was to develop a panel of miRNAs that can be used as a sputum-based test for early stage squamous cell carcinoma of the lungs. This study contained three phases: (1) marker discovery by profiling miRNA expression signatures on 15 lung squamous cell carcinoma and matched normal lung tissue samples with GeneChip miRNA Array; (2) marker optimization by real-time quantitative RT-PCR on sputum of a case-control cohort of 48 stage I lung squamous cell carcinoma patients and 48 healthy individuals; and (3) marker validation on an independent set including 67 lung squamous cell carcinoma patients and 55 healthy subjects. On the surgical tissues, six miRNAs were identified, of which three were overexpressed and three were underexpressed in all 15 tumors. On the sputum samples of the case-control cohort, three (miR-205, miR-210 and miR-708) of the six miRNAs were selected, which in combination produced the best prediction in distinguishing lung squamous cell carcinoma patients from normal subjects with 73% sensitivity and 96% specificity. Validation of the marker panel in the independent populations confirmed the sensitivity and specificity that provided a significant improvement over any single one alone. The sputum markers showed the potential to improve the early detection of lung squamous cell carcinomas.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid20491945,

title = {Antimicrobial peptide MUC7 12-mer activates the calcium/calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans},

author = {Maciej Lis and Teresa T Liu and Katherine S Barker and P David Rogers and Libuse A Bobek},

doi = {10.1111/j.1567-1364.2010.00638.x},

issn = {1567-1364},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-08-01},

journal = {FEMS Yeast Res},

volume = {10},

number = {5},

pages = {579--586},

abstract = {MUC7 12-mer is a cationic antimicrobial peptide derived from the N-terminal region of human low-molecular-weight salivary mucin. In order to gain new insights into the modes of action of the 12-mer against opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans, we examined changes in the gene expression profile of C. albicans upon exposure to this peptide. Cells at an early logarithmic phase were exposed to 6 muM peptide and grown until an OD(600 nm) of approximately 0.4 was reached. Changes in gene expression were determined by microarray analysis and showed that 19 out of the total of 531 genes, whose expression was elevated in response to the peptide, are regulated by the calcium/calcineurin signalling pathway. Inactivation of this pathway by deletions, or by FK506, caused hypersensitivity to the peptide, demonstrating the importance of this pathway to the defense of C. albicans against the MUC7 peptide. Other differentially expressed genes that were detected include those encoding subunits of proteasome, and genes involved in cell stress, iron metabolism, cell wall maintenance and small-molecule transport. The presented results suggest that the calcium/calcineurin signalling pathway plays a role in the adaptation of C. albicans to the MUC7 antimicrobial peptide.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid20222156,

title = {Levels of phosphodiesterase 4A and 4B are altered by chronic treatment with psychotropic medications in rat frontal cortex},

author = {S Hossein Fatemi and Timothy D Folsom and Teri J Reutiman and Natalie N Braun and Luke G Lavergne},

doi = {10.1002/syn.20762},

issn = {1098-2396},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-07-01},

journal = {Synapse},

volume = {64},

number = {7},

pages = {550--555},

abstract = {Our laboratory has recently demonstrated altered expression of phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4A and 4B in subjects with autism, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia, suggesting disrupted cAMP signaling in these diagnostic groups. In the current study, we measured expression of PDEs in rat frontal cortex (FC) following chronic treatment with clozapine, fluoxetine, haloperidol, lithium, olanzapine, valproic acid (VPA), or sterile saline for 21 days. Western blotting experiments showed decreased expression of PDE4A subtypes in FC following treatment with clozapine, haloperidol, lithium, and VPA. PDE4B subtypes were similarly reduced in FC following treatment with clozapine, fluoxetine, and lithium. We also measured levels of nine PDE subtypes via qRT-PCR in FC and found significant upregulation of PDE1A and PDE8B following treatment with olanzapine, while treatment with lithium reduced expression of mRNA for PDE8B. Our results demonstrate altered expression of PDE4A and PDE4B in response to a variety of psychotropic medications suggesting potentially new therapeutic avenues for treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid20200542,

title = {Distinct gene signature revealed in white blood cells, CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in (NZBx NZW) F1 lupus mice after tolerization with anti-DNA Ig peptide},

author = {R P Singh and R Dinesh and D Elashoff and S de Vos and R J Rooney and D Patel and A La Cava and B H Hahn},

doi = {10.1038/gene.2010.6},

issn = {1476-5470},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-06-01},

journal = {Genes Immun},

volume = {11},

number = {4},

pages = {294--309},

abstract = {Tolerizing mice polygenically predisposed to lupus-like disease (NZB/NZW F1 females) with a peptide mimicking anti-DNA IgG sequences containing MHC class I and class II T cell determinants (pConsensus, pCons) results in protection from full-blown disease attributable in part to the induction of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3+ and CD8(+)Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. We compared 45 000 murine genes in total white blood cells (WBC), CD4(+) T cells, and CD8(+) T cells from splenocytes of (NZBxNZW) F1 lupus-prone mice tolerized with pCons vs untreated naïve mice and found two-fold or greater differential expression for 448 WBC, 174 CD4, and 60 CD8 genes. We identified differentially expressed genes that played roles in the immune response and apoptosis. Using real-time PCR, we validated differential expression of selected genes (IFI202B, Bcl2, Foxp3, Trp-53, CCR7 and IFNar1) in the CD8(+)T cell microarray and determined expression of selected highly upregulated genes in different immune cell subsets. We also determined Smads expression in different immune cell subsets, including CD4(+) T cells and CD8(+) T cells, to detect the effects of TGF-beta, known to be the major cytokine that accounts for the suppressive capacity of CD8(+) Treg in this system. Silencing of anti-apoptotic gene Bcl2 or interferon genes (IFI202b and IFNar1 in combination) in CD8(+) T cells from tolerized mice did not affect the expression of the other selected genes. However, silencing of Foxp3 reduced expression of Foxp3, Ifi202b and PD1-all of which are involved in the suppressive capacity of CD8(+) Treg in this model.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid20037138,

title = {Effects of FoxO4 overexpression on cholesterol biosynthesis, triacylglycerol accumulation, and glucose uptake},

author = {Jun Zhu and Khalid Mounzih and Eric F Chehab and Nico Mitro and Enrique Saez and Farid F Chehab},

doi = {10.1194/jlr.M001586},

issn = {1539-7262},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-06-01},

journal = {J Lipid Res},

volume = {51},

number = {6},

pages = {1312--1324},

abstract = {The Forkhead transcription factors FoxO1, FoxO3a, and FoxO4 play a prominent role in regulating cell survival and cell cycle. Whereas FOXO1 was shown to mediate insulin sensitivity and adipocyte differentiation, the role of the transcription factor FoxO4 in metabolism remains ill defined. To uncover the effects of FoxO4, we generated a cellular model of stable FoxO4 overexpression and subjected it to microarray-based gene expression profiling. While pathway analysis revealed a disruption of cholesterol biosynthesis gene expression, biochemical studies revealed an inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis, which was coupled with decreased mRNA levels of lanosterol 14alpha demethylase (CYP51). FoxO4-mediated repression of CYP51 led to the accumulation of 24,25 dihydrolano-sterol (DHL), which independently and unlike lanosterol inhibited cholesterol biosynthesis. Furthermore, FoxO4-overexpressing cells accumulated lipid droplets and triacylglycerols and had an increase in basal glucose uptake. Recapitulation of these effects was obtained following treatment with CYP51 inhibitors, which also induce DHL buildup. Moreover, DHL but not lanosterol strongly stimulated liver X receptor alpha (LXRalpha) activity, suggesting that DHL and LXRalpha mediate the downstream effects initiated by FoxO4. Together, these studies suggest that FoxO4 acts on CYP51 to regulate the late steps of cholesterol biosynthesis.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid20066485,

title = {mRNA and protein levels for GABAAalpha4, alpha5, beta1 and GABABR1 receptors are altered in brains from subjects with autism},

author = {S Hossein Fatemi and Teri J Reutiman and Timothy D Folsom and Robert J Rooney and Diven H Patel and Paul D Thuras},

doi = {10.1007/s10803-009-0924-z},

issn = {1573-3432},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-06-01},

journal = {J Autism Dev Disord},

volume = {40},

number = {6},

pages = {743--750},

abstract = {We have shown altered expression of gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABA(A)) and gamma-aminobutyric acid B (GABA(B)) receptors in the brains of subjects with autism. In the current study, we sought to verify our western blotting data for GABBR1 via qRT-PCR and to expand our previous work to measure mRNA and protein levels of 3 GABA(A) subunits previously associated with autism (GABRalpha4; GABRalpha5; GABRbeta1). Three GABA receptor subunits demonstrated mRNA and protein level concordance in superior frontal cortex (GABRalpha4, GABRalpha5, GABRbeta1) and one demonstrated concordance in cerebellum (GABBetaR1). These results provide further evidence of impairment of GABAergic signaling in autism.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid20360310,

title = {Targeted deletion of Dicer from proximal tubules protects against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury},

author = {Qingqing Wei and Kirti Bhatt and Hong-Zhi He and Qing-Sheng Mi and Volker H Haase and Zheng Dong},

doi = {10.1681/ASN.2009070718},

issn = {1533-3450},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-05-01},

journal = {J Am Soc Nephrol},

volume = {21},

number = {5},

pages = {756--761},

abstract = {MicroRNAs are endogenous, noncoding, small RNAs that regulate expression and function of genes, but little is known about regulation of microRNA in the kidneys under normal or pathologic states. Here, we generated a mouse model in which the proximal tubular cells lack Dicer, a key enzyme for microRNA production. These mice had normal renal function and histology under control conditions despite a global downregulation of microRNAs in the renal cortex; however, these animals were remarkably resistant to renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), showing significantly better renal function, less tissue damage, lower tubular apoptosis, and improved survival compared with their wild-type littermates. Microarray analysis showed altered expression of specific microRNAs during renal IRI. Taken together, these results demonstrate evidence for a pathogenic role of Dicer and associated microRNAs in renal IRI.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid20032209,

title = {A non-genomic signaling pathway shut down by mating changes the estradiol-induced gene expression profile in the rat oviduct},

author = {Alexis Parada-Bustamante and Pedro A Orihuela and Mariana Ríos and Catherina A Cuevas and Maria Lorena Oróstica and Luis A Velásquez and Manuel J Villalón and Horacio B Croxatto},

doi = {10.1530/REP-09-0218},

issn = {1741-7899},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-03-01},

journal = {Reproduction},

volume = {139},

number = {3},

pages = {631--644},

abstract = {Estradiol (E(2)) accelerates oviductal egg transport through intraoviductal non-genomic pathways in unmated rats and through genomic pathways in mated rats. This shift in pathways has been designated as intracellular path shifting (IPS), and represents a novel and hitherto unrecognized effect of mating on the female reproductive tract. We had reported previously that IPS involves shutting down the E(2) non-genomic pathway up- and downstream of 2-methoxyestradiol. Here, we evaluated whether IPS involves changes in the genomic pathway too. Using microarray analysis, we found that a common group of genes changed its expression in response to E(2) in unmated and mated rats, indicating that an E(2) genomic signaling pathway is present before and after mating; however, a group of genes decreased its expression only in mated rats and another group of genes increased its expression only in unmated rats. We evaluated the possibility that this difference is a consequence of an E(2) non-genomic signaling pathway present in unmated rats, but not in mated rats. Mating shuts down this E(2) non-genomic signaling pathway up- and downstream of cAMP production. The Star level is increased by E(2) in unmated rats, but not in mated rats. This is blocked by the antagonist of estrogen receptor ICI 182 780, the adenylyl cyclase inhibitor SQ 22536, and the catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor, OR 486. These results indicate that the E(2)-induced gene expression profile in the rat oviduct differs before and after mating, and this difference is probably mediated by an E(2) non-genomic signaling pathway operating on gene expression only in unmated rats.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid19446359,

title = {Altered miRNA expression in sputum for diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer},

author = {Ying Xie and Nevins W Todd and Zhenqiu Liu and Min Zhan and Hongbin Fang and Hong Peng and Mohammed Alattar and Janaki Deepak and Sanford A Stass and Feng Jiang},

doi = {10.1016/j.lungcan.2009.04.004},

issn = {1872-8332},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-02-01},

journal = {Lung Cancer},

volume = {67},

number = {2},

pages = {170--176},

abstract = {Analysis of molecular genetic markers in biological fluids has been proposed as a useful tool for cancer diagnosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs that are frequently dysregulated in lung cancer and have shown promise as tissue-based markers for its prognostication. The aim of this study was to determine whether aberrant miRNA expression can be used as a marker in sputum specimen for the diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).



EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: expressions of mature miRNAs, mir-21 and mir-155, were examined by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and normalized to that of control miRNA, U6B, in sputum of 23 patients with NSCLC and 17 cancer-free subjects. The data was compared with conventional sputum cytology for the diagnosis of lung cancer. All endogenous miRNAs were present in sputum in a remarkably stable form and sensitively and specifically detected by real-time RT-PCR. Mir-21 expression in the sputum specimens was significantly higher in cancer patients (76.32+/-9.79) than cancer-free individuals (62.24+/-3.82) (P<0.0001). Furthermore, overexpression of mir-21 showed highly discriminative receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curve profile, clearly distinguishing cancer patients from cancer-free subjects with areas under the ROC curve at 0.902+/-0.054. Detection of mir-21 expression produced 69.66% sensitivity and 100.00% specificity in diagnosis of lung cancer, as compared with 47.82% sensitivity and 100.00% specificity by sputum cytology. The measurement of altered miRNA expression in sputum could be a useful noninvasive approach for the diagnosis of lung cancer.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Callegan2010,

title = {Checks and balances: the ocular response to infection},

author = {Michelle C. Callegan},

url = {https://doi.org/10.4161/viru.1.4.12317},

doi = {10.4161/viru.1.4.12317},

issn = {2150-5608},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-01-01},

journal = {Virulence},

volume = {1},

number = {4},

pages = {222-222},

publisher = {Landes Bioscience},

abstract = {Bacterial corneal infections threaten vision. With the widespread use of contact lenses and the increasing number of vision-correction (refractive) surgeries, the number of bacterial corneal infection (keratitis) cases has dramatically increased over the past decade. These infections are often blinding, as bacteria multiply in the corneal epithelium and stroma, provoking inflammatory cell migration into the cornea, and ultimately damage or destruction of corneal tissue.},

note = {12317[PII]},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}